LENS AND LENS FOR SUNGLASSES

专利摘要:
glasses, lenses and respective manufacturing methods some embodiments provide a lens that includes a lens body and an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. each of the plurality of spectral bands can include an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorbance and an integrated area of peak absorbance within the spectral bandwidth. an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the integrated area of the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth by the bandwidth of the absorbance peak spectrum can be greater than or equal to about 0.8 for the absorbance peak in each of the plurality spectral bands.
公开号:BR112012025855B1
申请号:R112012025855-9
申请日:2011-04-12
公开日:2020-09-29
发明作者:Brock Scott Mccabe；Ryan Saylor；Carlos D. Reyes
申请人:Oakley, Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

DESCRIPTIVE REPORT RELATED REQUESTS
[001] This Order claims the priority of US Patent Application No. 13 / 029,997, filed on February 17, 2011, entitled “Eyewear With Chroma Enhancement”, which claims the benefit of 35 USC $ 119 (e) of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 425,707, filed on December 21, 2010, entitled “Eyewear and Lenses With Chroma Enhancement Filter” and Provisional US Patent Application No. 61 / 324,706, filed on 15 April 2010, entitled “Eyewear and Lenses With Chroma Enhancement Filter”. The entire contents of each of these orders are incorporated here for reference and are made part of this description. BACKGROUND Field
[002] This exhibition generally refers to glasses and more particularly to glasses used in glasses. Description of the Related Art
[003] The glasses may include optical elements that attenuate light in one or more wavelength bands. For example, sunglasses typically include a lens that absorbs a significant amount of light in the visible spectrum. A sunglasses lens may have a dark film or coating that strongly absorbs visible light, thereby significantly reducing the lens' light transmittance. A lens can also be designed to have a spectral profile for another purpose, such as, for example, for indoor use, for use in sports activities, for another particular use, or for a combination of uses. SUMMARY
[004] The example modalities described here have several characteristics, none of which are indispensable or only responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the Claims, some of the advantageous features will be summarized.
[005] Some modalities provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter inside and / or outside the lens body configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments where the optical filter is within the lens body, the optical filter may constitute the lens body, or the optical filter and additional components may constitute the lens body. The optical filter can be configured to substantially increase the intensity of the colors, clarity and / or vividness of a scene. The optical filter can be particularly suitable for use with glasses and can allow the user of the glasses to view a scene with color in high definition (color in HD). Each of the plurality of spectral bands can include an absorption peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorption and an absorption peak area integrated within the spectral bandwidth. The spectral bandwidth can be defined as the total width of the absorption peak at 80% of the maximum absorption of the absorption peak. In some embodiments, an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the integrated absorption peak area within the spectral bandwidth by the absorption peak spectral bandwidth can be greater than or equal to about 0.8 for the absorption peak in each of the plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the absorption peak in each of the plurality of spectral bands can be greater than or equal to about 20 nm.
[006] In certain embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into the lens body. The lens body may be impregnated with, loaded with, or otherwise comprise one or more organic dyes. Each of the one or more organic dyes can be configured to produce the absorption peak in one of the plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into a lens coating disposed on the lens body.
[007] Some modalities provide a method of producing a lens. The method may include forming a lens having an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands can include an absorption peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorption and an absorption peak area integrated within the spectral bandwidth. The spectral bandwidth can be defined as the total width of the absorption peak at 80% of the maximum absorption of the absorption peak. An absorption peak attenuation factor in each of the plurality of spectral bands can be greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than 1. The absorption peak attenuation factor can be obtained by dividing the peak area absorption rate integrated within the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorption peak.
[008] In certain embodiments, a lens can be formed by forming a lens body and forming a lens coating on the lens body. At least a part of the optical filter can be incorporated into the lens body. At least a part of the optical filter can be incorporated into the lens coating. The lens coating may include an interference coating.
[009] In some embodiments, a lens body may be formed by a method including forming a plurality of lens body elements and coupling the lens body elements together using one or more adherent layers. A polarizing film can be arranged between two of the plurality of lens body elements. In some embodiments, the polarizing film may be molded into the lens body.
[0010] Some modalities provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter characterized by a spectral absorption profile including a plurality of absorption peaks. Each of the plurality of absorption peaks can have maximum absorption, a spectral bandwidth defined as the total width of the absorption peak at 80% of the maximum absorption peak absorption and a central wavelength positioned at a central point of the width spectral band of the absorption peak. The plurality of absorption peaks can include a first absorption peak having a central wavelength between about 558 nm and about 580 nm and a second absorption peak having a central wavelength between about 445 nm and about 480 nm. The spectral bandwidth of each of the plurality of absorption peaks can be between about 20 nm and about 50 nm.
[0011] In certain embodiments, each of the first absorption peak and the second absorption peak has an integrated absorption peak area within the spectral bandwidth and an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the integrated absorption peak area by spectral bandwidth of the absorption peak. The attenuation factor for each of the first absorption peak and the second absorption peak can be greater than or equal to about 0.8.
[0012] The plurality of absorption peaks can include a third absorption peak configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 405 nm and about 425 nm and a fourth absorption peak configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 650 nm and about 670 nm, between about 705 nm and about 725 nm, or between about 700 nm and about 720 nm. In another embodiment, the third absorption peak is configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 400 nm and about 420 nm. Each of the third absorption peak and the fourth absorption peak can have an integrated absorption peak area within the spectral bandwidth and an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the integrated absorption peak area by the peak spectral bandwidth. absorption. The attenuation factor for each of the third absorption peak and the fourth absorption peak can be greater than or equal to about 0.8.
[0013] Some modalities provide a lens that includes a lens body with an optical filter configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum. The chrominance value is the C * attribute of the CIE L * C * h * color space. At least part of the visible spectrum can include a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. The increase in average chrominance value may include an increase that is noticeable to a human being with substantially normal vision.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 540 nm to about 600 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 3% compared to the average chrominance value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the same spectral range.
[0015] The optical filter can be configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 440 nm to about 480 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 15% in comparison with the average chrominance value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the same spectral range.
[0016] In some embodiments, the optical filter does not substantially decrease the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum when compared to the average chrominance value of light transmitted through a neutral filter . In certain embodiments, the optical filter does not substantially decrease the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 440 nm to about 660 nm when compared to the average chrominance value of light transmitted through a neutral filter.
[0017] The optical filter can be configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 630 to about 660 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 3% in comparison with the average chrominance value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the same spectral range.
[0018] The optical filter can be at least partially incorporated in the lens body. For example, the lens body can be loaded with a plurality of organic dyes, each of the plurality of organic dyes configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum.
[0019] In some embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated in a lens coating disposed on at least a part of the lens body. For example, the optical filter may include an interference coating.
[0020] In some embodiments, the optical filter can be at least partially incorporated into an adherent layer, a polarization layer or combination of the adherent layer and the polarization layer.
[0021] Certain modalities provide a method of producing a lens, including the method of forming a lens including an optical filter configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum. At least part of the visible spectrum can include a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. The increase in average chrominance value may include an increase that is noticeable to a human being with substantially normal vision.
[0022] The step of forming a lens can include forming a lens body and forming a lens coating over the lens body. At least a part of the optical filter can be incorporated into the lens body. At least a part of the optical filter can be incorporated into the lens coating. For example, the lens coating may include an interference coating.
[0023] The step of forming a lens body may include forming a plurality of lens body elements and coupling the lens body elements together using one or more adherent layers. A polarizing film can be arranged between two of the plurality of lens body elements. The lens may include one or more components that substantially absorb ultraviolet radiation, including radiation close to ultraviolet. In some embodiments, the polarizing film may be molded into the lens body.
[0024] Some modalities provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum. One of the one or more parts of the visible spectrum can include a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm. The increase in average chrominance value may include an increase that is noticeable to a human being with substantially normal vision.
[0025] Certain modalities provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to increase the average chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum. Three of one or more parts of the visible spectrum can include a spectral range of about 440 nm to about 510 nm, a spectral range of about 540 nm to about 600 nm and a spectral range of about 630 nm to about 660 nm. The increase in average chrominance value may include an increase that is noticeable to a human being with substantially normal vision.
[0026] Some modalities provide a lens for glasses including a lens body and an optical filter including a plurality of organic dyes. Each of the plurality of organic dyes is configured to attenuate visible light in one or more spectral bands. Each of the one or more spectral bands includes an absorption peak with a spectral bandwidth, maximum absorption and an absorption peak area integrated within the spectral bandwidth. The spectral bandwidth can be defined as the total width of the absorption peak at 80% of the maximum absorption of the absorption peak. The attenuation factor of an absorption peak can be obtained by dividing the integrated absorption peak area within the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorption peak. For one or more of the plurality of organic dyes, the attenuation factor of at least one absorption peak is greater than or equal to about 0.8.
[0027] For example, one or more of the plurality of organic dyes can include an absorption profile having a blue light absorption peak with a central wavelength between about 470 nm and about 480 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the blue light absorption peak may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the blue light absorption peak attenuation factor may be greater than or equal to about 0.9.
[0028] One or more of the plurality of organic dyes can include an absorption profile having a yellow light absorption peak with a central wavelength between about 560 nm and about 580 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the yellow light absorption peak may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the yellow light absorption peak attenuation factor may be greater than or equal to about 0.85.
[0029] One or more of the plurality of organic dyes can include an absorption profile having a red light absorption peak with a central wavelength between about 600 nm and about 680 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the red light absorption peak can be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the red light absorption peak attenuation factor is greater than or equal to about 0.9.
[0030] Each of the plurality of organic dyes can be selected to increase the chrominance value of light transmitted through the lens in one or more chrominance improvement windows. The one or more chrominance enhancement windows can include a first spectral range from about 440 nm to about 510 nm, a second spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm, a third spectral range from about 630 nm at about 660 nm or any combination of the first, second and third spectral bands.
[0031] Certain modalities provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands includes an absorption peak with a spectral bandwidth, maximum absorption, lower and upper edge parts that are substantially below the maximum absorption and a central part positioned between the lower and upper edge parts and including maximum absorption and the region substantially close to maximum absorption. In some embodiments, one of the lower or upper edge parts of at least one absorption peak is located within an object spectral window including a spectral region in which the object emits or reflects a substantial visible stimulus.
[0032] The optical filter can be configured so that one of the lower or upper edge parts of at least one absorption peak is located within a spectral background window. The spectral background window includes a spectral region in which the background emits or reflects a substantial visible stimulus.
[0033] The optical filter can be at least partially incorporated in the lens body. The lens body can be impregnated with a plurality of organic dyes, each of the plurality of organic dyes configured to produce the absorption peak in one of the plurality of spectral bands.
[0034] The optical filter can be at least partially incorporated in a lens coating disposed on at least a part of the lens body. For example, the optical filter may include an interference coating. The optical filter can also be at least partially incorporated into an adhesive layer, a polarization layer or the combination of the adhesive layer and the polarization layer.
[0035] Some modalities provide a method of producing a lens, the method including forming an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands including an absorption peak with a spectral bandwidth, maximum absorption, lower and upper edge parts that are substantially below the maximum absorption and a central part positioned between the lower and upper edge parts and including maximum absorption and the region substantially close to maximum absorption. One of the lower or upper edge parts of at least one absorption peak may be located within an object spectral window including a spectral region in which the object emits or reflects a substantial visible stimulus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] Various modalities are represented in the attached drawings for illustrative purposes and should in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, several characteristics of the different modalities exposed can be combined to form additional modalities, which are part of this exhibition. Any feature or structure can be removed or omitted. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers can be reused to indicate correspondence between reference elements.
[0037] FIG. IA is a perspective view of a pair of glasses incorporating lenses with an optical chrominance enhancement filter.
[0038] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of one of the lenses shown in Figure IA.
[0039] FIG. 2A is a graph showing sensitivity curves for tapered photoreceptor cells in the human eye.
[0040] FIG. 2B is a graph showing the 1931 CIE XYZ tri-stimulus functions.
[0041] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of a sunglasses lens with an optical filter.
[0042] FIG. 4A is a graph showing the percentage difference in chrominance of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 3 compared to a neutral filter.
[0043] FIG. 4B is a chromaticity diagram for the lens having the absorption profile shown in Figure 3.
[0044] FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of an optical filter.
[0045] FIG. 6A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 5 and a neutral filter.
[0046] FIG. 6B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 5 compared to a neutral filter.
[0047] FIG. 7 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 5.
[0048] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0049] FIG. 9A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 8 and a neutral filter.
[0050] FIG. 9B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 8 compared to a neutral filter.
[0051] FIG. 10 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 8.
[0052] FIG. 11 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0053] FIG. 12A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 11 and a neutral filter.
[0054] FIG. 12B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 11 compared to a neutral filter.
[0055] FIG. 13 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 11.
[0056] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profiles of three different optical filters.
[0057] FIG. 15A is a graph showing the chrominance profiles of three filters, each filter with one of the absorption profiles shown in Figure 14 and a neutral filter.
[0058] FIG. 15B is a graph showing the percentage differences in chrominance of the three different filters with the absorption profiles shown in Figure 14 compared to a neutral filter.
[0059] FIG. 16 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profiles of three different optical filters.
[0060] FIG. 17A is a graph showing the chrominance profiles of three filters, each filter with one of the absorption profiles shown in Figure 16 and a neutral filter.
[0061] FIG. 17B is a graph showing the percentage differences in chrominance of the three different filters with the absorption profiles shown in Figure 16 compared to a neutral filter.
[0062] FIG. 18 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0063] FIG. 19A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 18 and a neutral filter.
[0064] FIG. 19B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 18 compared to a neutral filter.
[0065] FIG. 20 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 18.
[0066] FIG. 21 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0067] FIG. 22A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 21 and a neutral filter.
[0068] FIG. 22B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 21 compared to a neutral filter.
[0069] FIG. 23 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 21.
[0070] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the luminous efficiency profile of the human eye.
[0071] FIG. 25 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0072] FIG. 26A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 25 and a neutral filter.
[0073] FIG. 26B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 25 compared to a neutral filter.
[0074] FIG. 27 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 25.
[0075] FIG. 28 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0076] FIG. 29A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 28 and a neutral filter.
[0077] FIG. 29B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 28 compared to a neutral filter.
[0078] FIG. 30 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 28.
[0079] FIG. 31 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of a non-polarized lens with an example optical filter.
[0080] FIG. 32A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a non-polarized lens with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 31 and a neutral filter.
[0081] FIG. 32B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 31 compared to a neutral filter.
[0082] FIG. 33 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 31.
[0083] FIG. 34 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of a non-polarized lens with another example optical filter.
[0084] FIG. 35A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of the lens with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 34 and a neutral filter.
[0085] FIG. 35B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 34 compared to a neutral filter.
[0086] FIG. 36 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 34.
[0087] FIG. 37 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of another optical filter.
[0088] FIG. 38A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a filter with a spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 37 and a neutral filter.
[0089] FIG. 38B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chrominance of a filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 37 compared to a neutral filter.
[0090] FIG. 39 is a chromaticity diagram for the filter with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 37.
[0091] FIG. 40 is a graph showing the spectral absorption profile of a lens molded with an optical filter.
[0092] FIG. 41A is a graph showing the chrominance profile of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 40 and a neutral filter.
[0093] FIG. 41B is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 40 compared to a neutral filter.
[0094] FIG. 42 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorption profile shown in Figure 40,
[0095] FIGS. 43-48 illustrate example chrominance enhancement window settings for optical filters.
[0096] FIG. 49 illustrates a spectral energy distribution representative of the light reflected or emitted from a golf ball under indoor lighting conditions.
[0097] FIG. 50 is a graph showing the absorption profile of a molded lens having an optical filter with the absorption profile shown in Figure 40 and a polarizer having a substantially neutral gray paint.
[0098] FIG. 51 is a graph showing the difference in percentage in chrominance of a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 50 compared to a neutral filter.
[0099] FIG. 52 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the optical filter shown in Figure 50. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[00100] Although certain preferred modalities and examples are set out below, the inventive material extends beyond the modalities specifically exposed to other alternative modalities and / or uses and to modifications and their equivalents. Accordingly, the scope of the attached Claims is not limited by any of the particular modalities described below. For example, in any method or process set forth herein, the acts or operations of the method or process can be performed in any appropriate sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular sequence. Several operations can be described as multiple discrete operations at a time, in a way that can be useful for understanding certain modalities; however, the order of description should not be designed to imply that these operations are order-dependent. In addition, the structure described here can be incorporated as integrated components or as separate components. For purposes of comparing the various modalities, certain aspects and advantages of these modalities are described. Not necessarily all of such components or advantages are obtained by any particular modality. Thus, for example, several modalities can be performed in a way that obtains or optimizes an advantage or group of advantages, as taught here, without necessarily obtaining other aspects or advantages, as they can also be taught or suggested here.
[00101] The objectives that human beings can visually observe in the environment, typically emit, reflect or transmit visible light from one or more surfaces. The surfaces can be considered an array of points that the human eye is unable to determine anyone more finely. Each point on the surfaces does not emit, reflect, or transmit a single wavelength of light; however, it emits, reflects, or transmits a wide spectrum of wavelengths that are interpreted as a single color in the human's view. Generally speaking, if one were to observe the corresponding “single wavelength” of light for this interpreted color (for example, a visual stimulus having a very narrow spectral bandwidth, such as 1 nm), it would appear extremely vivid when in compared to a color interpreted from a wide spectrum of observed wavelengths.
[00102] It has been discovered that an optical filter can be configured to remove the external parts of a wide visual stimulus to make colors appear more vivid when perceived by human vision. The external parts of a broad visual stimulus refer to wavelengths that, when substantially, approximately completely, or completely attenuated, decrease the stimulus' bandwidth so that the vividness of the perceived color is increased. An optical filter for glasses can be configured to substantially increase the intensity of colors, clarity and / or vividness of a scene. This optical filter for glasses can allow a user to observe the scene in high definition color (HD color). In some embodiments, parts of a visual stimulus that are not substantially attenuated include at least the wavelengths, for which tapered photoreceptor cells in the human eye have maximum sensitivity. In certain embodiments, the bandwidth of the color stimulus when the optical filter is applied includes at least the wavelengths, for which the tapered photoreceptor cells have the maximum sensitivity. In some embodiments, a person wearing a lens incorporating an optical filter exposed here may notice a substantial increase in the clarity of a scene. The increase in perceived clarity can result, for example, from increased contrast, increased chrominance, or a combination of factors.
[00103] The interpreted color vividness is correlated with an attribute known as the color chrominance value. The chrominance value is one of the attributes or coordinates of the CIE L * C * h * color space. In conjunction with the attributes known as hue and luminosity, chrominance can be used to define colors that are noticeable in human vision. It was determined that visual acuity is positively correlated with the color chrominance values in an image. In other words, an observer's visual acuity is greater when he views a scene with colors with a high chrominance value than when he views the same scene with colors with a lower chrominance value.
[00104] An optical filter can be configured to improve the chrominance profile of a scene when the scene is viewed through a lens that incorporates the optical filter. The optical filter can be configured to increase or decrease chrominance in one or more chrominance enhancement windows in order to obtain any desired effect. The optical chrominance enhancement filter can be configured to preferably transmit or attenuate light in any desired chrominance enhancement windows. Any appropriate process can be used to determine the desired chrominance improvement windows. For example, colors predominantly reflected or emitted in a selected environment can be measured and a filter can be adapted to provide improved chrominance in one or more spectral regions that correspond to colors that are predominantly reflected or emitted.
[00105] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure IA, glasses 100 include lenses 102a, 102b having an optical chrominance enhancement filter. The chrominance enhancement filter generally changes the color intensity of a scene viewed through one or more lenses 102a, 102b, compared to a scene viewed through a lens with the same light transmittance, but a different spectral transmittance profile. The glasses can be of any type, including general purpose glasses, special purpose glasses, sunglasses, driving glasses, sports glasses, indoor glasses, outdoor glasses, vision correction glasses, improvement glasses contrast, glasses designed for other purposes or glasses designed for a combination of purposes.
[00106] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1B, a lens 102 incorporates several lens elements. The lens elements include a lens coating 202, a first lens body element 204, a film layer 206 and a second lens body element 208. Many variations in lens configuration 102 are possible. For example, lens 102 may include a polarizing layer, one or more adhesive layers, a photochromic layer, an anti-reflective coating, a mirror coating, an interference coating, a scratch-resistant coating, a hydrophobic coating, an anti-coating -static, other lens elements or a combination of lens components. If lens 102 includes a photochromic layer, the photochromic material may include a neutral density photochromy or any other suitable photochromy. At least some of the lens components and / or materials can be selected so that they have a substantially neutral visible light spectral profile. Alternatively, the visible light spectral profiles can cooperate to obtain any desired lens chromaticity, chrominance-enhancing effect, other objective, or any combination of objectives. The polarization layer, the photochromic layer and / or other functional layers can be incorporated in the film layer 206, in the lens coating 202, in one or more of the lens body elements 204, 208, or can be incorporated in elements of additional lens. In some embodiments, a lens 102 incorporates less than all of the lens elements shown in Figure IB.
[00107] The lens can include a UV absorption layer or a layer that includes UV absorption outside the optical filter layer. Such a layer can decrease bleaching of the optical filter. In addition, UV-absorbing agents can be arranged in any lens component or combination of lens components.
[00108] The lens body elements 204, 208 can be made of glass, a polymeric material, a copolymer, a doped material, another material, or a combination of materials. In some embodiments, one or more parts of the optical filter may be incorporated in the lens coating 202, in one or more lens body elements 204, 208, in a film layer 206, in an adhesive layer, in a polarizing layer , another lens element, or a combination of elements.
[00109] Lens body elements 204, 208 can be manufactured by any appropriate technique, such as, for example, casting or injection molding. Injection molding can expose a lens to temperatures that degrade or break down certain dyes. Thus, when the optical filter is included in one or more lens body elements, a wider range of dyes can be selected for inclusion in the optical filter, when the lens body elements are made by casting than when the lens body it is done by injection molding. In addition, a wider range of dyes or other optical filter structures may be available when the optical filter is implemented at least partially in a lens coating.
[00110] A sunglasses lens substantially attenuates light in the visible spectral region. However, light does not need to be attenuated uniformly or more generally uniformly across the visible spectrum. Instead, the light that is dimmed can be configured to achieve a specific chrominance improvement profile or other purpose. A sunglasses lens can be configured to attenuate light in spectral bands that are selected so that the scene receives one or more of the enhancements or features exposed here. Such improvements or features can be selected to benefit the user during one or more particular activities or in one or more specific environments.
[00111] To design a filter that increases chrominance for an array of colors, one can count on the mechanisms involved in the perception of the eye to color. The photopically adapted eye (for example, the human eye) shows peak sensitivities at 440, 545 and 565 nm. These peak sensitivities correspond to each of three optical sensors found on the retina of the eye, known as cones. The location and shape of cone sensitivity profiles have recently been measured with substantial precision in Stockman and Sharpe, “The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long-wavelenghts-sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype”, Vision Research 40 ( 2000), pp. 1711-1737, which is incorporated here for reference and made a part of this description. The S, M, L sensitivity profiles for conical photoreceptor cells in the human eye, as measured by Stockman and Sharpe, are shown in Figure 2A.
[00112] Cone sensitivity profiles can be converted sensitivity data to quantities that describe color, such as, for example, the CIE tri-stimulus color values. The 1931 CIE XYZ tristimulus functions are shown in Figure 2B. In some embodiments, CIE's tri-stimulus color values are used to design an optical filter. For example, CIE color values can be used to calculate the effect of an optical filter on perceived color using the chrominance values, C *, in the CIE L * C * h * color space.
[00113] Human cone sensitivities can be converted to the XYZ 1931 CIE color space using the linear transformation matrix M described in Golz and Macleod, “Colorimetry for CRT displays”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. Vol. 20, No. 5 (May 2003), pp. 769-781, which is incorporated here for reference and is part of this description. The linear transformation is shown in Equation 1:
To solve for XYC CIE (XYZ) color space values, 2000 Stockman and Sharpe data can be scaled by factors of 0.628, 0.42 and 1.868 for cone sensitivities L, M, S, respectively and multiplied by the inverse of the linear transformation matrix M as shown in Equations 2-1 and 2-2:

[00114] The CIE, XYZ, tri-stimulus values can be converted to the L * a * b CIE 1976 color space coordinates using the nonlinear equations shown in Equations 3-1 to 3-7. Where Xn = 95.02, Yn. = 100.00 and Zn = 108.82,
Other way:
Chrominance or C * Pθ must then be calculated by another conversion from CIE L * a * b * to CIE L * C * h * using Eq-4:

[00115] As mentioned above, the colors observed in the physical world are stimulated by wide bands of wavelengths. To stimulate this and then calculate the effects of an optical filter, filtered and unfiltered bands of light are used as input to the cone sensitivity space. The effect on chrominance can then be predicted through the transformations listed above.
[00116] When feeding a light spectrum to the cone sensitivity space, the color recognition mechanism in the human eye can be considered. Color response by the eye is performed by comparing the relative signals of each of the three types of cone: S, M and L. To model this with wide band light, a sum of the intensities at each wavelength in the input spectrum is weighted according to the cone sensitivity at this wavelength. This is repeated for all three cone sensitivity profiles. An example of this calculation is shown in Table A: Table A



[00117] The normalized weighted light intensities for all three types of cone can then be converted to the XYZ 1931 CIE color space via a linear transformation matrix, M. This conversion facilitates another conversion to the 1976 CIE color space. L * a * b * and the subsequent conversion to the CIE color space L * C * h to obtain chrominance values.
[00118] To simulate the effect of a filter placed between the eye and the physical world, a light input band can be modified according to a prospective filter absorption characteristic. The weighted light intensity is then normalized according to the total sum of light that is transmitted through the filter.
[00119] In certain modalities, to test the effect of a filter on various colors of light, the spectral profile or at least the bandwidth of an input is determined first. The appropriate bandwidth for model entry is typically affected by the usage environment for the optical filter. A reasonable bandwidth for a sunglasses lens can be around 30 nm, as this bandwidth represents the approximate bandwidth of many colors perceived in the natural environment. In addition, 30 nm is a bandwidth narrow enough to allow transmitted light to fall within responsive parts of the cone sensitivity functions, which are approximately twice this bandwidth. A filter designed using an input bandwidth of 30 nm will also improve color chrominance by having other bandwidths, such as 20 nm or 80 nm. Thus, the effect of a filter on chrominance can be determined using color inputs having a bandwidth of 30 nm or another appropriate bandwidth that is sensitive to a wide range of natural color bandwidths.
[00120] Other bandwidths are possible. The light band can be significantly widened or narrowed from 30 nm, while preserving the chrominance-enhancing properties of many filter designs. The 30 nm bandwidth described above is representative of wider or narrower input bandwidths that can be used to produce the desired characteristics of an optical filter. The term "bandwidth" is used here in its broad and common sense. In some embodiments, the peak bandwidth covers the total width of a peak at half the maximum peak value (FWHM value) and any other commonly used measurements of bandwidth.
[00121] A sample calculation of the normalized L-weighted light intensity using the 30 nm bandwidth and an example filter are shown in Table B: Table B



[00122] In some modalities, an optical filter is designed through the use of spectral profiles of candidate filters to calculate the effect of candidate filters on chrominance. In this way, changes in the filter can be iteratively checked regarding its effectiveness in obtaining a desired result. Alternatively, filters can be designed directly through numerical simulation. Comparative examples and examples of optical filters and the effects of those optical filters on chrominance are described here. In each case, the chrominance of the incoming light passing through each filter is compared to the chrominance of the same input without filtering. “% Absorption” plots against visible spectrum wavelengths show the spectral absorption profile of the optical filter in the example or comparative example. Each “chrominance, C *, relative” plot against wavelengths of the visible spectrum shows the relative chrominance of a 30 nm light stimulus of uniform intensity after the stimulus passes through a wavelength-dependent optical filter as a thinner curve in the trace, with the central wavelength of each stimulus being represented by the values on the horizontal axis. Each “chrominance, C *, relative” trace also shows the relative chrominance of the same 30 nm wide light stimulus passing through a neutral filter that attenuates the same percentage of average light within the stimulus bandwidth as the filter optical wavelength dependent.
[00123] An objective of the filter design may be to determine the overall color appearance of a lens. In some modalities, the perceived color of total light transmitted from the lens is bronze, amber, violet, gray, or another color. In some cases, the consumer has preferences that are difficult to take into account quantitatively. In certain cases, lens color adjustments can be made within the model described in this exhibition. The impact of full color adjustments on the filter design can be calculated using an appropriate model. In some cases, color adjustments can be made with some, little, or no sacrifice to the chrominance characteristics being sought. In some embodiments, a lens has a full color with a relatively low chrominance value. For example, the lens may have a chrominance value less than 60, an optical chrominance enhancement filter used on such a lens can provide increased color to at least some colors compared to when the same optical filter is used on a lens with a total color having a higher chrominance value.
[00124] A comparative example of an optical filter has properties as shown in Figures 3, 4 A and 4B. Figure 3 shows the absorption profile of a comparative example lens with an optical filter, the gray LAGOON 189-02 lens available from Maui Jim, Inc. of Peoria, Illinois. Figure 4A shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of a lens having the absorption profile shown in Figure 3 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the lens of the Figure 3, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. As can be seen in Figure 4A, the comparative example lens characterized by the absorption profile shown in Figure 3 provides some increase in chrominance in certain spectral regions and some decrease in chrominance in other spectral regions, compared to a filter that provides neutral attenuation. for each 30 nm stimulus. The average percentage attenuation provided by the neutral attenuation filter for each stimulus is the same as the average percentage attenuation provided by the comparative example filter. Specific light bandwidths with uniform intensity were used to calculate the relative chrominance profiles in this exposure. In Figures where the relative chrominance profile of a filter is shown, the scale is kept constant throughout this exposure so that the relative chrominance shown in one Figure can be compared with the relative chrominance shown in other figures, unless otherwise noted. way. In some of the figures, the chrominance profile of a filter can be stapled to show detail and maintain a consistent scale.
[00125] In some modalities, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize in the blue to blue-green region of the visible spectrum. A filter with such a configuration can have an absorption peak centered at about 478 nm or about 480 nm, as shown in Figure 5. The total width at half the maximum (FWHM) of the absorption peak shown in Figure 5 is about 20 nm. However, other peak absorption widths may be used, including bandwidths greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, less than, or equal to about 60 nm, less than, or equal to about 50 nm, less than, or equal to about 40 nm, between about 10 nm and about 60 nm, or between any of the other preceding values. The bandwidth of an absorption peak can be measured in any appropriate manner in addition to, or in place of, FWHM. For example, the bandwidth of an absorption peak can include the total width of a peak at 80% of the maximum. Figure 6A shows the relative chrominance, as a wavelength function, of a filter having the absorption profile shown in Figure 5. Again, the thicker black line corresponds to the chrominance profile of a neutral filter having the same integrated light transmittance within each 30 nm stimulus band as well as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 5. Figure 6B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 5 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 5, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00126] An xy CIE chromaticity diagram for the optical filter having an absorption profile as shown in Figure 5 is provided in Figure 7. The chromaticity diagram shows the chromaticity of the filter as well as the range of an RGB color space. Each of the chromaticity diagrams provided in this exhibition shows the chromaticity of the associated filter or lens, where the chromaticity is calculated using the CIE D65 Illuminator. .
[00127] In certain modalities, an optical filter is configured to increase or minimize chrominance in the blue region of the visible spectrum. A filter with such a configuration can provide an absorption peak with a central wavelength of about 453 nm, about 450 nm, or between about 445 nm and about 460 nm. The light band of the absorption peak can be greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm or another appropriate value.
[00128] In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chrominance through several, many, or most colors, or at least many colors that are commonly found in the user's environment. Such an optical filter may include a plurality of absorption peaks. For example, Figure 8 shows a spectral absorption profile of an optical filter modality including four absorption peaks with central wavelengths at about 415 nm, about 478 nm, about 574 nm and about 715 nm. Relative chrominance profiles and a chromaticity diagram for the example filter are shown in Figures 9A, 9B and 10. The relative chrominance profile shown in Figure 9A shows that the optical filter in Figure 8 provides a substantial increase in chrominance by at least four spectral windows compared to a neutral filter having the same light transmittance integrated within each 30 nm stimulus band as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 8. Figure 9B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter of Figure 8 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter of Figure 8, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00129] Many other variations in the location and number of absorption peaks are possible. For example, some modalities significantly attenuate light between about 558 nm and about 580 nm by providing a peak at about 574 nm and adding an additional peak at about 561 nm. Such modalities can provide substantially greater chrominance in the green region, which is centered around approximately 555 nm.
[00130] In certain modalities, an optical filter increases chrominance in the visible spectrum by increasing the degree to which light within the light band of each absorption peak is attenuated. The degree of light attenuation within the spectral bandwidth of an absorption peak can be characterized by an “attenuation factor” defined as the absorption peak area integrated within the spectral bandwidth of the absorption peak divided by the width of spectral band of the absorption peak. An example of an absorption peak with an attenuation factor of 1 is a square wave. This absorption peak attenuates substantially all light within its spectral bandwidth and substantially no light outside its spectral bandwidth. In contrast, an absorption peak with an attenuation factor less than 0.5 attenuates less than half of the light within its spectral bandwidth and can attenuate a significant amount of light outside its spectral bandwidth. It may not be possible to produce an optical filter having an absorption peak with an attenuation factor of exactly 1, although it is possible to design an optical filter having an absorption peak with an attenuation factor that is close to 1.
[00131] In certain modalities, an optical filter is configured to have one or more absorption peaks with an attenuation factor close to 1. Many other configurations are possible. In some embodiments, an optical filter has one or more absorption peaks with an attenuation factor greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 0.9, greater than or equal to about 0.95, greater or equal to about 0.98, between about 0.8 and about 0.99, greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than 1 or between any of the other preceding values. Collectively, the foregoing limitations on the mitigation factor can be called “mitigation factor criteria”. In certain embodiments, the attenuation factor for each absorption peak in an optical filter meets one or more of the attenuation factor criteria. In some embodiments, the attenuation factor of each absorption peak having a maximum absorption over a certain absorption limit in an optical filter meets one or more of the attenuation factor criteria. The absorption limit can be about 0.5, about 0.7, about 0.9, about 1, between 0.5 and 1 or another value. It is understood that, while certain spectral characteristics are described herein with reference to an optical filter, each of the spectral characteristics can equally apply to the spectral profile of a lens containing the optical filter, unless otherwise indicated.
[00132] In some embodiments, an optical filter has absorption peaks in each of four spectral bands, each of which has an attenuation factor greater than or equal to about 0.95. Because it is rare to see monochromatic light in the physical world, some narrow bands of light can be approximately or completely blocked without significant damage to the total variety of spectral colors perceived in the natural world. In other words, the optical filter can be used in daily vision without losing any substantial visual information. A spectral absorption profile of an example optical filter having these attributes is shown in Figure 11. Relative chrominance profiles and a chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 12A, 12B and 13. The relative chrominance profiles shown in Figure 12A include the chrominance profile of a neutral filter having the same light transmittance integrated within each 30 nm stimulus band as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 8, indicated by a thicker black line and the wavelength-dependent filter chrominance profile, shown in Figure 8, which is indicated by a thinner black line and is generally higher than the neutral filter profile. Figure 12B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 11 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 11, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00133] In some embodiments, an optical filter has one or more absorption peaks with the bandwidth that is at least partially within a chrominance improvement window. The width of the chrominance improvement window can be between about 22 nm and about 45 nm, between about 20 nm and about 50 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, or other appropriate bandwidth range. In certain embodiments, an optical filter is configured so that every absorption peak with an attenuation factor greater than or equal to, an absorption limit has the bandwidth within a chrominance improvement window. For example, the light band of each of the absorption peaks can be greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, greater than or equal to about 22 nm, less than, or equal to about 60 nm, less than, or equal to about 50 nm, less than, or equal to about 40 nm, between about 10 nm and about 60 nm, between about 20 nm and about 45 nm, or between any of the other preceding values.
[00134] Variations in the light band (for example, the FWHM value) and in the slopes of the sides of an absorption peak can have marked effects on chrominance. Generally, increases in FWHM and / or slopes of the chrominance improvement peaks are accompanied by increases in chrominance and vice versa, in the case of chrominance lowering peaks. In Figures 14 and 16, example optical filters are shown where the FWHM and slopes of an absorption peak are separately varied. The effects of these variations on chrominance are shown in the chrominance profiles attached in Figures 15A-15B and 17A-17B. In Figure 14, an overlap of absorption peaks centered at 478 nm for three different filters Fl, F2 and F3 is shown. The absorption peaks have equal lateral slopes and varying FWHM values, with the Fl filter having the minimum FWHM value and the F3 filter having the maximum FWHM value. The relative chrominance profile in Figure 15A shows the effect of filters Fl, F2 and F3 shown in Figure 14 on chrominance. The absorption and chrominance profiles of each of the filters Fl, F2 and F3 are shown with the same corresponding line style in each graph, with a neutral filter included as a thick line in Figure 15 A. Figure 15B shows a difference in percentage in chrominance between the output of the three optical filters Fl, F2 and F3 of Figure 14 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filters of Figure 14, where the input in each case is the same stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00135] Figure 16 shows an overlap of three absorption peaks centered at 478 nm, with the same FWHM and varied slopes. Figure 17A shows the effect of filters F4, F5 and F6 shown in Figure 16 on chrominance, with a neutral filter again included as a thick solid line. Figure 17B shows a difference in percentage in chrominance between the output of the three optical filters F4, F5 and F6 of Figure 16 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filters of Figure 16, where the input in each case is the same stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00136] Returning to the optical filter shown in Figure 11, the two external absorption peaks, centered at 415 nm and 715 nm, have external slopes (that is, at the lower limit of the peak of 415 nm and at the upper limit of the peak of 715 nm) that affect wavelengths of light in generally the fringes of the visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the absorption profiles of these peaks can be changed to significantly, most of the time, or almost entirely attenuate light at wavelengths outside the range of about 400 nm to 700 nm, which can be considered as the part dominant of the visible range. The spectral absorption profile of an example optical filter having these attributes is shown in Figure 18. Relative chrominance profiles and the chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 19A, 19B and 20, Figure 19B shows a difference in percentage in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 18 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 18, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00137] By chrominance control according to the techniques exposed here, the chrominance of one or more color bands can also be decreased in situations where less color in those color bands is desired. In some embodiments, an optical filter can be configured to decrease chrominance in one or more color bands and increase chrominance in other color bands. For example, glasses designed for use during duck hunting may include one or more lenses with an optical filter configured to lower the chrominance of a blue background and increase the chrominance for the green and brown feathers of a duck in flight. More generally, an optical filter can be designed to be activity specific by providing relatively lower chrominance in one or more spectral regions associated with a specific background (for example, the ground, the sky, an athletic field or court) , a combination, etc.) and provision of relatively high chrominance in one or more spectral regions associated with a specific plane or object (for example, a ball). Alternatively, an optical filter can have an activity-specific configuration by providing increased chrominance in both a background spectral region and an object spectral region.
[00138] The ability to identify and discern moving objects is generally called "Dynamic Visual Acuity". An increase in chrominance in the spectral region of the moving object is expected to improve this quality because increases in chrominance are generally associated with higher color contrast. In addition, the emphasis and de-emphasis of specific colors can further improve Dynamic Visual Acuity. A spectral absorption profile of an example optical filter configured to increase Dynamic Visual Acuity is shown in Figure 21. The optical filter shown is configured to provide high chrominance in the spectral region from green to orange and relatively lower chrominance in the blue spectral region. . The relative chrominance profiles and the chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 22A, 22B and 23. Figure 22B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 21 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 21, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band .
[00139] In some modalities, an optical filter is configured to take into account the variation in luminous efficiency over the visible spectrum. By taking into account the luminous efficiency, the filter can compensate for differences in relative sensitivities at different wavelengths of the human eye so that different bands of color can be compared. Light efficiency over the visible spectrum, consistent with the Stockman and Sharpe cone sensitivity data, is shown in Figure 24.
[00140] In certain modalities, an optical filter is configured to selectively increase chrominance in the red wavelengths in which the human eye is the most sensitive. For example, the red band can be described as a spectral band that extends between about 625 nm and about 700 nm. When looking at the luminous efficiency function shown in Figure 24, it is apparent that the eye is significantly more sensitive to red light between about 625 nm and 660 nm than at longer wavelengths. Therefore, a spectral absorption profile of an optical filter with this configuration is shown in Figure 25. The optical filter has the same profile as that shown in Figure 11, except that it has an alternative peak in the red band, centered at about 658 nm, instead of a peak centered around 715 nm. The result is increased chrominance over the red band up to 655 nm with an accompanying decrease in red chrominance above 660 nm, where the eye is less sensitive. The relative chrominance profiles and the chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 26A, 26B and 27. Figure 26B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 25 and the output of a filter which uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 25, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the values along the horizontal axis indicate the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00141] Additionally, chrominance can be increased to wavelengths in the center of the green band using an absorption peak centered at about 553 nm, at about 561 nm, or at a wavelength between about 550 nm and about 570 nm. This filter can also decrease the color chrominance of yellow, so it can be used in activities that benefit from the identification of green objects that are viewed against a yellow background. A spectral absorption profile for an optical filter that provides increased chrominance for the center of the green spectral band is shown in Figure 28. The relative chrominance profiles and the chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 29A, 29B and 30 , respectively. Figure 29B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 28 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 28, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00142] In order to manufacture the filter profiles shown above, a variety of proposals can be applied, such as through the use of dielectric batteries, multilayer interference coatings, rare earth oxide additives, organic dyes, or a combination of multiple polarization filters, as described in US Patent No. 5,054,902, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and made part of this description. Another appropriate manufacturing technique or combination of techniques can also be used.
[00143] In certain embodiments, an optical filter includes one or more organic dyes that provide absorption peaks with a relatively high attenuation factor. For example, in some embodiments, a lens has an optical filter incorporating organic dyes, supplied by Exciton dayton, Ohio. At least some organic dyes supplied by Exciton are named according to the approximate central wavelength of their peak absorption. An approximate spectral absorption profile of a non-polarized polycarbonate lens with an optical filter incorporating Exciton ABS 407, ABS 473, ABS 574 and ABS 659 dyes is shown in Figure 31. The organic dye formulation of the optical filter provides absorption peaks at about 407 nm, 473 nm, 574 nm and 659 nm. The relative chrominance profiles and the chromaticity diagram of the lens are shown in Figures 32A, 32B and 33, respectively. Figure 32B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 31 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 31, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00144] Some modalities are similar to the modalities described in the previous paragraph, but include a red absorption peak positioned at 647 nm using Exciton ABS 647 dye instead of Exciton ABS 659 dye. In these modalities, the chrominance for the red hues of Higher luminous efficiency, positioned closer to the peak of the human eye's sensitivity is increased. The spectral absorption profile of the non-polarized polycarbonate lens with an optical filter in this configuration is shown in Figure 34. The profile includes absorption peaks at 407 nm, 473 nm, 574 nm and 647 nm. The relative chrominance profiles and the lens chromaticity diagram are shown in Figures 35A, 35B and 36, respectively. Figure 35B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 34 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 34, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.
[00145] In some modalities, another optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chrominance through several, many, or most colors, or at least many colors that are commonly found in the user's environment. Such an optical filter may include a plurality of absorption peaks. The plurality of absorption peaks can include an absorption peak having a central wavelength between about 415 nm and about 455 nm, at about 478 nm and between about 555 nm and 580 nm and at about 660 nm. The FWHM values of the plurality of absorption peaks can be between about 20 nm and about 50 nm, greater than about 20 nm, about 22 nm, about 45 nm, in another appropriate value, or a combination of values. In some embodiments, the FWHM value of the absorption peak with a central wavelength between about 555 nm and about 580 nm is about twice the FWHM value of at least some of the other absorption peaks in the spectral profile. An approximate spectral absorption profile of a sample filter having absorption peaks reflected by the modalities described in this paragraph is shown in Figure 37. The sample filter has a sharp drop in absorption at around 490 nm, which allows for substantial light transmission in 491 nm and across a wide band (for example, through a spectral band greater than or equal to about 20 nm in bandwidth) in the vicinity of 491 nm (for example, through a band of wavelengths close to 491 nm and greater than or equal to about 491 nm).
[00146] A relative chrominance profile for a filter having the absorption profile of Figure 37 is shown in Figure 38 A. The chrominance profile of Figure 38A is shown with a different vertical scale from the other chrominance profiles in this exposure to in order to show greater variation in chrominance. The sample filter produces substantial increases in relative chrominance over the unfiltered case in multiple spectral bands, including in spectral bands between about 410 nm and about 460 nm, between about 465 nm and about 475 nm, between about 480 nm and about 500 nm, between about 540 nm and about 565 nm, between about 570 nm and 600 nm and between about 630 nm and about 660 nm. Figure 38B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 37 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 37, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for this example filter is shown in Figure 39.
[00147] In some embodiments, two or more dyes can be used to create a single absorption peak or a plurality of absorption peaks in close proximity to each other. For example, an absorption peak with a central wavelength positioned between about 555 nm and about 580 nm can be created using two dyes having central wavelengths at about 561 nm and 574 nm. In another embodiment, an absorption peak with a central wavelength between about 555 nm and about 580 nm can be created using two dyes having central wavelengths at about 556 nm and 574 nm. Although each dye can individually produce an absorption peak having an FWHM value less than about 30 nm, when the dyes are used together in an optical filter, the absorption peaks can combine to form a single absorption peak with an FWHM value about 45 nm or greater than about 40 nm.
[00148] Filters incorporating organic dyes can be manufactured using any appropriate technique. In some embodiments, a sufficient amount of one or more organic dyes is used to lower the transmittance in one or more spectral regions to less than, or equal to, about 1%. To obtain peak transmission factors under 1% in 1.75-thick polycarbonate lenses, dyes can be mixed in a batch of polycarbonate resin. If the mixture includes 2.27 kg (5 lbs) of polycarbonate resin, the following fillers of Exciton Dyes can be used for the optical filter associated with the absorption profile shown in Figure 31: 44 mg of ABS 407, 122 mg of ABS 473, 117 mg ABS 574 and 63 mg ABS 659. In the preceding example, the loading ratios of polycarbonate dye can be generalized as follows: out of 1000 total units of dye, the filter could include about 130 units of violet absorption dye, about 350 units of blue absorption dye, about 340 units of green absorption dye and about 180 units of deep red absorption dye.
[00149] In the same amount of polycarbonate resin, the following fillers of Exciton dyes can be used for the optical filter associated with the absorption profile shown in Figure 34: 44 mg of ABS 407, 122 mg of ABS 473, 117 mg of ABS 574 and 41 mg of ABS 647. In the preceding example, the loading ratios of polycarbonate dye can be generalized as follows: out of 995 total units of dye, the filter could include about 135 units of violet absorption dye, about 375 units of blue absorption dye, about 360 units of green absorption dye and about 125 units of red absorption dye. In certain embodiments, a lens can be created from the resin and mixture of dyes through a casting process, a molding process, or any other appropriate process.
[00150] Other dyes for plastic exist, which can also provide substantial increases in chrominance. For example, Crysta-Lyn Chemical Company of Binghamton, NY offers the dye DLS 402A, with an absorption peak at 402 nm. In some embodiments, DLS 402A dye can be used in place of Exciton ABS 407 dye in the formulations described above. Crysta-Lyn also offers the DLS 46 IB dye that provides an absorption peak at 461 nm. DLS 46 IB dye can be used in place of Exciton ABS 473 dye in the formulations described above. Crysta-Lyn DLS 564B dye can be used in place of Exciton ABS dye 574 in those formulations, while Crysta-Lyn DLS 654B dye can be used instead of Exciton ABS 659 dye. In some embodiments, the dye can be incorporated into one or more more lens components and the decision with respect to which lens components includes the dye may be based on properties, such as stability or performance factors, for each specific dye.
[00151] In another example, an optical filter is designed with relative amounts of certain dyes. The magnitude of absorption peaks can be selected by adjusting the absolute mass loading of the dyes, while maintaining the relative relationships between loads of different dyes. For example, in a particular embodiment, an organic dye optical filter includes: 70 mg Exciton ABS dye 473, 108 mg Exciton ABS dye 561, 27 mg Exciton ABS dye 574 and 41 mg Exciton ABS 659. The loading ratios of polyurethane dye can be generalized as follows: out of 1000 total units of dye, the filter could include about 280 units of blue absorbing dye, about 440 units of yellow-green absorbing agent, about 110 units of green absorption dye and about 170 units of deep red absorption dye. A lens was fused using the preceding dye loads into 251 g of polyurethane. The resulting lens was 1.9 mm thick. Loading levels can be adjusted to take into account the characteristics of the particular base material used. For example, loading levels may be somewhat or slightly higher when using a material with a lower density, such as certain types of polycarbonate. Likewise, loading levels can be somewhat or slightly lower when a higher density material is used.
[00152] The absorption profile of the fused lens is shown in Figure 40, in the absorption profile shown in Figure 40, the absorption peak centered at about 477 nm has a total width at 80% of the maximum absorption peak of about 46 nm and an attenuation factor of about 0.92. The absorption peak centered at about 569 nm has an overall width of 80% of the maximum absorption peak of about 35 nm and an attenuation factor of about 0.86. The absorption peak centered at about 660 nm has a total width of 80% of the maximum absorption peak of about 27 nm and an attenuation factor of about 0.91. The fused lens provided an increase in chrominance in multiple spectral regions, as shown in Figures 41A and 41B. The chrominance profile in Figure 41 A is shown on a different scale from other chrominance profiles in this exhibition. Figure 41B shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of the optical filter in Figure 40 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 40, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for the fused lens is shown in Figure 42.
[00153] Figure 50 illustrates an absorption profile as a wavelength function of an optical filter of Figure 40 combined with a light gray polarizing film where the light transmittance using CIE D65 standard illuminator is about 9.3%. The luminous transmittance of a polarizing sunglasses lens incorporating improved filter chrominance, as shown here, can be less than, or equal to, about 15%, less than, or equal to about 12%, less than, or equal to about 10%, less than, or equal to about 9%, greater than or equal to about 7%, greater than or equal to about 8%, between about 7% -15%, between about 7 % - 12%, between about 9% -12%, or another appropriate value. In addition, a lens can exhibit a heterogeneous transmittance profile having a combination of two or more transmittance regions having different transmission factors. Figure 51 shows a percentage difference in chrominance between the output of a lens having the absorption profile of Figure 50 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same percentage of average light within each stimulus band as the lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 50, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for a lens with the absorption profile shown in Figure 50 is shown in Figure 52.
[00154] In some embodiments, one or more of the dyes used in any filter composition shown here can be replaced by one or more dyes having similar spectral attributes. For example, if a dye, such as Exciton ABS 473 dye, is not stable enough to withstand the lens formation process, one or more substitute dyes with improved stability and a similar absorption profile can be used instead. Some lens forming processes, such as injection molding, can subject the lens and optical filter to high temperatures, high pressures and / or chemically active materials. Replacement dyes can be selected to have similar absorption profiles to the dyes shown here, but better stability or performance, for example, a replacement dye can exhibit high stability during injection molding of the lens or high stability in sunlight. In one embodiment, at least one of two or more dyes can be used in place of the Exciton ABS 473 dye. In one embodiment, Exciton ABS 473 dye has been replaced by a dye that has an absorption peak with a central wavelength of about 477 nm in polycarbonate. In some embodiments, the attenuation factor associated with the 477 nm absorption peak is greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 0.9, about 0.93 or another appropriate value.
[00155] In some embodiments, a lens may include dyes or other materials that are selected or configured to increase the photo-stability of the chrominance-enhancing filter and other lens components. Any technique known in the Art can be used to mitigate the degradation of filter materials and / or other lens components.
[00156] The relative amounts of any dye formulations shown here can be adjusted to obtain a desired objective, such as, for example, a desired total lens color, a chrominance enhancing filter having particular properties, another objective, or a combination of objectives. An optical filter can be configured to have an absorption profile with any combination of the absorption peaks shown here and / or any combination of other absorption peaks in order to obtain desired chrominance-enhancing properties.
[00157] As described above, Figure 41 illustrates a chrominance profile of a lens molded with an optical filter compared to the chrominance profile of a neutral filter with the same average attenuation within each 30 nm stimulus band. The chrominance profile of the fused lens is represented by a lighter line and is generally higher than the chrominance profile of the neutral filter, which is represented by the thickest line. The fused lens is configured to provide multiple spectral regions of increased chrominance compared to the neutral filter. In some embodiments, a lens includes an optical filter containing one or more organic dyes. The one or more organic dyes can increase or decrease chrominance in one or more spectral regions. As shown in Figure 41, an optical filter can be configured to increase chrominance in five or more spectral ranges. The spectral bands over which an optical filter increases or decreases chrominance can be called chrominance improvement windows (CEWs).
[00158] In some embodiments, CEWs include parts of the visible spectrum in which an optical filter provides a substantial change in chrominance compared to a neutral filter having the same average attenuation within each 30 nm stimulus band, when perceived by a person with normal vision. In certain cases, a substantial improvement in chrominance can be seen when a filter provides an increase in chrominance greater than or equal to about 2% compared to the neutral filter. In other cases, an increase in chrominance greater than or equal to about 3%, or greater or equal to about 5% compared to the neutral filter, is considered a substantial increase. If a change in chrominance represents a substantial increase, it may depend on the spectral region in which the increase is provided. For example, a substantial improvement in chrominance may include an increase in chrominance greater than or equal to about 6% over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 560 nm. A substantial improvement in chrominance can include an increase in chrominance greater than or equal to about 3% over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 660 nm. A substantial improvement in chrominance can include an increase in chrominance greater than or equal to about 15%, over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 570 nm. Therefore, the amount of variation in chrominance relative to the neutral filter that is considered substantial may differ depending on the spectral range of the CEW.
[00159] In certain embodiments, a substantial improvement in chrominance is provided by an optical filter configured to increase chrominance in one or more CEWs over a neutral filter without any significant decrease in chrominance compared to a neutral filter within one or more CEWs. A substantial improvement in chrominance can also be provided by an optical filter configured to increase chrominance in one or more CEWs over a neutral filter without any significant decrease in chrominance compared to a neutral filter within the particular spectral range, such as, for example , between about 420 nm and about 650 nm.
[00160] Figures 43 through 48 illustrate various CEW configurations for a variety of chrominance-enhancing optical filters. The spectral ranges of the CEWs can correspond to the spectral regions where an optical filter exhibits substantially altered chrominance compared to a neutral filter in one or more of Figures 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41. The particular CEW configurations shown here are non-limiting examples that illustrate the wide variety of lens or eyeglass configurations that exist.
[00161] An example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 43. In this example, CEWi comprises a spectral range from about 440 nm to about 510 nm. CEW2 comprises a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm. CEW3 comprises a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. Each CEW can be defined as a spectral range within which a lens or glasses are configured to provide improved chrominance. Alternatively, the bottom end of one or more CEWs can span a wavelength above which the lens or glasses provide improved chrominance. The upper end of one or more CEWs may cover a wavelength below which the lens or glasses provide improved chrominance. In some embodiments, the average increase in chrominance within CEWi compared to a neutral filter having the same average attenuation within each 30 nm stimulus band is greater than or equal to about 20%. The average increase in chrominance within CEW2 compared to the neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 3%. The average increase in chrominance within CEW3 compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 5%.
[00162] Another example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 44. CEWIA comprises a spectral range of about 440 nm to about 480 nm. CEWIB comprises a spectral range from about 490 nm to about 510 nm. The average increase in chrominance compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 15% for the CE IA region and greater than or equal to about 15% for the CEWIB region.
[00163] Another example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 45, which is a configuration in which CEW2A comprises a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 570 nm. Figure 46 illustrates an additional embodiment in which an optical filter provides a CEW configuration including CEWIA, CEWIB, CEW2A and CEW3. The average increase in chrominance compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 4%, for the spectral region of CEW2A, for example.
[00164] Figure 47 illustrates an example of an optical filter CEW configuration with an additional improvement window, CEW2B. The CEW2B window comprises a spectral range between about 580 nm and about 600 nm. The average increase in chrominance compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 2% for the spectral region of CEW2B, for example. Figure 48 illustrates the relative chrominance improvement of an optical filter configured to provide five or more chrominance improvement windows, including: CEW2A, CEW2B, CEWIA, CEWIB and CEW3. Each of Figures 43 to 48 illustrates a non-limiting example of an optical filter CEW configuration and this exposure should not be construed as limited to any specific configuration or combination of configurations.
[00165] In some modalities, an optical filter is configured to improve object visibility while preserving the natural appearance of viewed scenes. Such optical filters (and glasses that include such filters) can be configured for a wide range of recreational, sporting, professional and other activities. As a representative example, filters and glasses can be configured to be used while playing a game of golf.
[00166] In certain modalities, glasses and optical filters provide one or more CEWs corresponding to a specific activity. A filter can include one or more CEWs in a part of the visible spectrum in which an object of interest, such as, for example, a golf ball, emits or reflects a substantial spectral stimulus. When referring to the spectral stimulus of an object of interest, a corresponding CEW can be referred to as the object spectral window. When reference is made to a background spectral stimulus behind an object, a corresponding CEW can be referred to as the background spectral window. Furthermore, when reference is made to the spectral stimulus of the general surroundings, the spectral window can be referred to as the spectral surrounding window. An optical filter can be configured so that one or more edges of an absorption peak are located within at least one spectral window. In this way, an optical filter can improve chrominance in the spectral bands corresponding to a given spectral stimulus (for example, object, background or surroundings).
[00167] Golf balls and corresponding glasses can be provided, in which a golf ball cover is configured to produce light with converted wavelengths and the glasses include lenses having an object chrominance enhancement window corresponding to a spectral reflectance coverage, a spectral transmittance of any transparent or translucent outside of the coverage, and / or a spectrum of light with converted wavelengths, emitted by the coverage. Transmittance
[00168] Golf balls are provided, which have a cover that is configured for converted wavelength light that is incident on a first wavelength or a first wavelength range. Light with converted wavelengths can be emitted at longer wavelengths than the wavelength of the absorbed incident light. The light with converted wavelengths has at least one part corresponding to an object chrominance improvement window of the corresponding glasses. In representative examples, golf balls have covers that include a fluorescent material that produces fluorescence in a spectral region corresponding to a spectral transmittance of a visualizing filter. In additional modalities, a part of the object chrominance improvement window corresponds to a spectral region in which light is preferably reflected by the cover.
[00169] Methods of improving object visibility with respect to a background include the provision of a filter that increases the chrominance of the object to be viewed. A light spectrum produced by the filter can define an object chrominance improvement window. An optical filter is provided, which includes a spectral window corresponding to the object chrominance improvement window and a background chrominance improvement window corresponding to a spectral profile reflected or emitted from the background. An improved optical filter can provide improved chrominance within spectral windows. In some embodiments, the contrast agent is a wavelength conversion agent, a dye, or both. In alternative examples, the optical filter includes a spectral width window that widens the transmission spectrum of the filter. In some particular examples, the object chrominance enhancement window, the background chrominance enhancement window and the spectral width window include wavelengths from about 440 nm to about 480 nm, about 510 nm to about 580 nm and about 600 nm to about 660 nm, respectively. In additional examples, the windows include wavelengths between about 400 nm and about 700 nm. The lenses can include spectral windows that exhibit improved chrominance within the same spectral bands that define spectral windows. In such embodiments, the lens can provide increased chrominance or decreased chrominance within one or more of the spectral windows discussed here.
[00170] These and other characteristics and aspects of certain modalities are described below with reference to golf and other sports and non-sports applications. For convenience, several representative representative examples referring to golf are described, but it will be apparent that these examples can be modified in arrangements and details for other laser, recreational, sporting, industrial, professional, or other activities.
[00171] Visualizing a golf ball trajectory and determining its location are important for golfers of various levels of experience. The trajectories of a golf ball hit by an inexperienced golfer are unpredictable and often take the ball to places where the ball is difficult to find. Such failures to find the golf ball promptly can increase the time used to play a game and can reduce the number of games that can be played on a day course. As the time spent searching for errant golf balls contributes to becoming a slow game, many matches and many tournaments have rules that determine the time a golfer is allowed to search for a lost golf ball before introduction. of a substitution ball in the game. For more experienced or expert golfers, the loss of a golf ball results in the imposition of a penalty that adds a score to the golfer's score. Such penalty scores are irritating, especially when the loss of a ball results from an inability to find the ball due to poor viewing conditions and limited time spent looking for it.
[00172] Referring to Figure 49, a spectral energy distribution 300 of radiation from a golf ball in indoor lighting, such as direct sunlight or other lighting conditions, includes a 302 blue enhancement portion positioned in a wavelength region close to an XB wavelength. The blue enhancement part 302 can be produced by converting radiation within a shorter wavelength range than those in part 302 to radiation at wavelengths within the blue enhancing part 302. Such a length conversion wave can result from fluorescence, phosphorescence, or other processes. When used here, any process in which radiation at a shorter wavelength is converted to radiation at a longer wavelength is referred to as a wavelength conversion process. As noted above, a typical example of this process is fluorescence, in which radiation at a first wavelength is absorbed to produce radiation at a longer wavelength. Because the human eye is less sensitive to radiation at wavelengths shorter than the wavelengths of the 302 blue enhancement part than to radiation within the 302 blue enhancement part, the conversion of radiation from the shorter wavelengths to radiation with longer wavelengths tends to make the golf ball appear whiter and lighter. The spectral energy distribution in Figure 49 corresponds to a golf ball that appears to be white and spectral energy distributions for non-white golf balls may have additional spectral characteristics that are characteristic of the color of the golf ball.
[00173] Spectral energy at wavelengths shorter than the conventional cutoff point of the human visual response at wavelengths of approximately 400 nm is not shown in Figure 49. Radiation at these shorter wavelengths produces limited human visual response. Conversion of these shorter wavelengths to longer wavelengths using fluorescence or another wavelength conversion process can produce radiation that provides an appreciable contribution to the visual response. This conversion process can be improved by selecting a golf ball cover that produces that light at converted wavelengths or by incorporating appropriate fluorescent, phosphorescent, or other wavelength conversion agents, on the golf ball cover. A typical wavelength conversion agent produces a blue enhancement region at an XB wavelength that is typically in the range between about 440 nm to about 480 nm, but wavelength conversion agents for other ranges of wavelength can be used. If the golf ball (or other object of interest) does not need to appear white, colored wavelength conversion agents can be used, such as colored fluorescent agents. In this example, XB and more particularly the wavelength range in which XB typically occurs (i.e., from about 440 nm to about 480 nm) represent an object spectral window.
[00174] The spectral energy distribution 300 illustrated in Figure 49 is representative of the optical radiation coming from a golf ball under indoor lighting conditions. More precise spectral energy distribution values depend on the exact lighting conditions. Typical lighting conditions include direct sunlight and cloudy skies as well as lighting produced in deep shadows. Under these different lighting conditions, different distributions of spectral energy are produced. For example, a cloudy sky typically produces a spectral energy distribution having less total energy as well as less energy at shorter (more blue) wavelengths. Nevertheless, the spectral energy distributions associated with these variable lighting conditions have corresponding parts of blue improvement produced by the wavelength conversion processes.
[00175] The visual perception of a golf ball that produces the spectral energy distribution of Figure 49 is improved by improving the chrominance of the blue part 302 (the converted wavelength part) of the spectral energy distribution of the ball golf. The blue enhancement part 302 has an excess of blue spectral energy over ambient lighting. The provision of a blue light chrominance improvement filter, therefore, allows the best tracking and location of the golf ball. While the improvement in the chrominance of the blue part 302 of the spectral energy distribution of Figure 49 allows increased visibility of the golf ball under many conditions, an extent of this increased visibility depends on the background on which the golf ball is viewed. For common bottoms that are found in golf, such as a channel or shallow grass, improving the chrominance of the blue part 302 can increase the visibility of the golf ball. Wearing glasses that include lenses that increase the chrominance of the 302 blue enhancement part can allow the golfer to more easily follow the trajectory of a golf ball and to locate the golf ball after it has stopped.
[00176] Although such glasses can increase the visibility of the golf ball and allow easier tracking and location of a golf ball, changing the spectral energy distribution of light passing into the golfer's eyes can produce scenes that look like unnatural or even disturbing to the golfer. During the game of a typical round or match, the golfer encounters many different backgrounds, including blue sky, cloudy sky, rock, sand, dirt and vegetation, including the placement of surfaces, channels, sand traps and roughness. Glasses that improve the chrominance of the blue part can produce an unnatural or disturbing appearance for all or some of these surroundings and impair the golfer's concentration or perception. Such unnatural appearances can outweigh any performance advantage associated with the golf ball's increased visibility.
[00177] A visualization that appears to be more natural can be obtained with an optical filter modality having a spectral absorption profile as illustrated in Figure 40. This modality provides improved visibility of the golf ball, while maintaining a natural appearance of viewed scenes through that filter. When used here, a spectral region in which an object emits or reflects a substantial spectral stimulus is referred to as a spectral window. The width of a spectral window can be defined as the total width at about 75%, 50%, 25%, 20%, 10% or 5% of a maximum in the spectral energy distribution. A golf ball may include a blue light stimulus in and around ÀB and one or more additional spectral windows in the green and red parts of the spectrum.
[00178] A filter can include a chrominance enhancement window (CEW) that is configured to improve chrominance within a substantially whole portion, or the entire spectral window, of a visual stimulus. An optical filter can provide one or more edges of an absorption peak within the spectral windows on which a stimulus is positioned. For example, the spectral location of a blue light CEW can be selected to match a particular fluorescent agent, so that the glasses can be spectrally adapted to a particular fluorescent agent. Thus, goggles and golf balls can be spectrally adapted to provide improved visibility of the golf ball. Light at wavelengths below about 440 nm can be attenuated so that radiation of small, potentially harmful wavelength does not enter the eye. For example, some of this short wavelength radiation can be converted by the fluorescent agent to radiation with wavelengths corresponding to the CEW of blue light. The average visible light transmittance of a golf lens can be around 20% -30%. Filters for outdoor use typically have average transmission factors between about 8% -80%, 10% -60%, or 10% -40%. Filters for indoor use (or for use at lower lighting levels than lighting with normal daylight) can have average transmission factors between about 20% -90%, 25% -80%, or 40% -60 %.
[00179] Green grass and vegetation typically provide a spectral stimulus reflected or emitted with maximum light intensity at a wavelength of about 550 nm. As mentioned above, wavelengths from about 500 nm to about 600 nm can define a green or background spectral window. Without a green light CEW, light at wavelengths between 500 nm and 600 nm may have less than desired chrominance and vegetation may appear relatively quiet, monotonous or dark. As a result, the golfer's surroundings would appear to be unnatural and the golfer's perception of vegetation would be impaired. This damage is especially serious in relation to the presentation, because the golfer generally tries to determine precisely several parameters of the presentation surface, including the height and thickness of the grass covering the laying surface, orientation of the grass blades of the laying surface and the surface topology. Because a golfer makes approximately half of his strokes on, or close to, the placing surfaces, any visual impairment on the placing surfaces is a serious performance disadvantage and is generally unacceptable. Misperception of vegetation is also a significant disadvantage when playing on a fairway or rough. A green light CEW, in combination with a blue light CEW, allows for better visibility of the golf ball while allowing assessment needs bottom surfaces, such as laying surfaces or other vegetation. An optical filter can improve the chrominance of a desired object and background by displaying at least one edge of an absorption peak within one or both of the green light CEW or the blue light CEW. Competition from at least one edge of an absorption peak within one or both of the green or blue spectral windows still helps the human eye to distinguish a golf ball from its surroundings by improving the ball's chrominance, the vegetation's chrominance , or the chrominance of both the ball and the vegetation.
[00180] A red light CEW can extend over a wavelength range from about 610 nm to about 720 nm, but the transmission of radiation at wavelengths beyond approximately 700 nm provides only a small contribution to a scene visualized due to the low sensitivity of the human eye at these wavelengths. A red light CEW can improve the natural appearance of the visualized scene with an improved optical filter modality by improving the chrominance of at least some red light reflected by the vegetation. For example, the chrominance improvement can be seen in Figure 40, where at least one edge of the red absorption peak (for example, the absorption peak between about 630 nm and about 660 nm) falls within the light CEW red. The more polychromatic light produced by improving the chrominance of red, green and blue light components allows for improved focus. In addition, convergence (eye orientation towards a common point) and focusing (accommodation) are interdependent, so that improved focusing allows for improved convergence and improved depth perception. The provision of CEWs in the green and red parts of the visible spectrum can result in improved depth perception as well as improved focus. A filter having such CEWs can improve the perception of vegetation (especially placement surfaces) and provide a more natural viewing scenario while maintaining the best visibility of the golf ball, associated with CEW of blue light. An optical filter that provides at least one edge of an absorption peak within a CEW can improve the quality of the light transmitted through the optical filter by increasing its chrominance value.
[00181] Optical filters that have CEWs covering one or more spectral bands can provide improved visibility. Optical filters that have this spectral profile can be selected for a particular application based on ease of manufacture or a desire for the optical filter to appear neutral. For cosmetic reasons, it may be desirable to avoid glasses that look tinted to others.
[00182] Optical filters can be similarly configured for a variety of activities in which the tracking and observation of an object against a background is facilitated by wavelength conversion. Such filters can include a wavelength conversion window, a background window and a spectral width window. These CEWs are selected to improve light chrominance with converted wavelengths, light from specific activity backgrounds and light at additional wavelengths to further extend the total spectral width of light with improved chrominance to improve focus, accommodation, or provide more natural viewing. For application on a white golf ball, as described above, an optical filter is provided, with a CEW of blue light corresponding to spectral components of wavelength conversion, a CEW of green light to facilitate the visualization of a background and a red light CEW to improve accommodation and the natural look of scenes. Such an optical filter may have substantially neutral color density. For other activities, particular CEWs can be chosen based on expected background colors or measurements and wavelengths produced by a wavelength conversion process. For example, tennis is often played on a green playing surface with a yellow ball. This ball typically has a wavelength conversion region that produces light with wavelengths converted to wavelengths between about 460 nm and 540 nm. An example filter for this application has a wavelength conversion window at between about 460 nm to about 540 nm and a bottom window centered at around 550 nm. The wavelength conversion window and the background window may have some overlap. To provide more natural contrast and better focus, additional transmission windows can be provided in wavelength ranges from about 440 nm to about 460 nm, from about 620 nm to about 700 nm or in other ranges.
[00183] In alternative modalities, an optical filter is provided having a spectral window specific to the object in addition to or in place of a wavelength conversion window. For example, for viewing a golf ball that appears to be red, the optical filter may include a red light CEW that improves the red light chrominance to improve the visibility of the golf ball. For accurate, natural viewing of backgrounds (such as laying surfaces), a green light CEW is also provided. If the golf ball also emits light with a converted wavelength, an additional wavelength conversion window can be provided, if desired. The filter can also include a spectral width window.
[00184] In some modalities, an optical filter is configured to change the chrominance values of a scene in one or more spectral regions in which an object and / or a background reflect or emit light. An optical filter can be configured to take into account spectral regions in which an object of interest and the background reflect or emit light. Absorption peaks can be positioned so that chrominance is increased or decreased in one or more spectral regions in which the object of interest is reflecting or emitting light and where the background is reflecting or emitting light. For example, improved chrominance within an object or a background spectral window can be achieved by configuring an optical filter so that at least one edge of an absorption peak is positioned within the spectral window.
[00185] An optical filter can increase the contrast between the object and the background by providing chrominance improvement in one or both of the object spectral window and the background spectral window. The color contrast improves when the chrominance is increased. For example, when a white golf ball is viewed against a background of green grass or foliage at a distance, chrominance-enhancing technology can cause the green visual stimulus to be more of a narrow band. A narrowed spectral stimulus makes the green background appear to be less washed, resulting in greater color contrast between the golf ball and the background.
[00186] With reference to Figures IA and 1B, the glasses may include a frame and lenses 102a and 102b. Lenses 102a and 102b have a filter that improves chrominance in a wavelength conversion window, a background window, a spectral width window, another CEW, or any combination of CEWs. For some applications, the spectral width window can be omitted. For other applications, an object-specific spectral window is provided, which can include the wavelength conversion window. Lenses 102a and 102b can be corrective lenses or non-corrective lenses and can be made from any of a variety of optical materials including glasses or plastics, such as acrylics or polycarbonates. The lenses can come in many shapes, including flat-flat and meniscus shapes. In alternative glasses, a frame is configured to retain a single lens that is placed in front of both eyes when the glasses are worn. Goggles can also be provided, which include a single lens that is placed in front of both eyes when the glasses are worn.
[00187] The spectral transmittance profile and chrominance improvement of the lenses of Figures IA and 1B can be obtained in several ways. A coating may be provided on one or more surfaces of the lens. Such coatings typically include one or more layers of coating materials configured to obtain a desired spectral transmittance and improved chrominance. The layers can be absorptive so that radiation from the spectral regions that must be attenuated is absorbed in the coating, or the coating can be reflective so that radiation at such wavelengths is reflected. In yet another example, one or more dyes or other chromophores can be incorporated into the lens material by a pretense or other process. Two or more of the above methods can be combined to produce the desired spectral and chrominance characteristics.
[00188] Although modalities have been mentioned above with reference to particular activities, additional examples can be provided for other activities. For example, a chrominance enhancement filter, with improved visibility, can be provided for sports, such as baseball, tennis, badminton, basketball, racquetball, handball, archery, target shooting, pigeon shooting, cricket, Lacrosse, football, ice hockey, field hockey, hunting, football, squash or volleyball. For such sports, this filter may include a selected object chrominance enhancement window to increase the chrominance of natural reflected light or light with converted wavelengths, produced by a fluorescent agent in a baseball, tennis ball, badminton birdie ”, or volleyball or light that is preferably reflected by these objects. Background windows and spectral width windows can be provided so that backgrounds are apparent, the scenes appear to be natural and the user's focus and depth perception are improved. For sports played on multiple surfaces, or on different courts, such as tennis or volleyball, different background windows can be provided for playing on different surfaces. For example, tennis is commonly played on grass courts or clay courts and filters can be configured for each surface, if desired. As another example, ice hockey can be played on an ice surface that is provided with a wavelength conversion agent or dye and lenses can be configured for viewing a hockey puck with respect to such ice. Outdoor volleyball benefits from the accurate visualization of a volleyball against a blue sky and the background filter can be selected to allow accurate background viewing while improving chrominance in outdoor lighting. A different configuration can be provided for indoor volleyball. Glasses that include such filters can be activity-specific, surface-specific, or court-specific. In addition, tinted glasses can be provided for activities other than sports, where it is desirable to identify, locate, or track an object against funds associated with the activity. Some representative activities include dentistry, surgery, bird watching, fishing, or search and rescue operations. Such filters can also be provided in additional configurations, such as filters for still and video cameras, or with viewing screens that are placed for the use of spectators or other observers. Filters can be provided as lenses, single lenses, or as visors. For example, a hockey filter can be included in a visor.
[00189] It is taken into account that particular features, structures, or features of any modalities discussed here can be combined in any appropriate way into one or more separate modalities, not expressly illustrated or described. For example, it is understood that an optical filter can include any appropriate combination of light attenuation characteristics and that a combination of light attenuation lens elements can be performed to control the chrominance of an image viewed through a lens. In many cases, structures that are described or illustrated as unitary or contiguous can be separated, although they still perform the function (s) of the unitary structure. In many cases, structures that are described or illustrated as separate can be joined or combined, although they still perform the function (s) of the separate structures. It is further understood that the optical filters exposed here can be used in at least some lens configurations and / or optical systems in addition to lenses.
[00190] It should be taken into account that in the description above the modalities, several characteristics are sometimes grouped together in a single modality, figure, or description of them for the purpose of rationalizing the exposure and helping in the understanding of one or more of the several inventive aspects. This method of exposure, however, should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any Claim requires more features that are expressly stated in this Claim. In addition, any components, features or steps illustrated and / or described here in a particular embodiment can be applied or used with any (any) other embodiment (s). Thus, it is intended that the scope of the inventions set forth herein should not be limited by the particular modalities described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the Claims that follow.

权利要求:
Claims (17)
[0001]
1. Lens, characterized by comprising: a lens body; and an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands, each of the plurality of spectral bands comprising an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorbance, a central wavelength at a midpoint of the width spectral bandwidth and an integrated peak absorbance area within the spectral bandwidth, the spectral bandwidth being equal to the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the peak absorbance; wherein the optical filter comprises a peak of blue light absorbance; wherein the central wavelength of the blue light absorbance peak is between 445 nm and 480 nm; where an attenuation factor of the blue light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than 1; and where the attenuation factor of an absorbance peak is obtained by dividing the integrated area of the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth by the bandwidth of the absorbance peak spectrum, where the spectral width associated with the absorbance peak of the blue light is less than or equal to 60 nm.
[0002]
Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter is the lens body or at least partially incorporated in the lens body.
[0003]
Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter is at least partially incorporated in a lens coating disposed on at least a part of the lens body.
[0004]
Lens according to Claim 3, characterized in that the optical filter comprises an interference coating.
[0005]
5. Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter is at least partially incorporated in an adherent layer, a polarization layer, a photochromic layer or any combination of the adhesion layer, the polarization layer and the photochromic layer .
[0006]
A lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bandwidth of the peak absorbance spectrum in each of the plurality of spectral bands is greater than or equal to 20 nm.
[0007]
Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spectral bandwidth of at least one of a plurality of absorbance peaks is greater than or equal to 30 nm.
[0008]
8. Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that the peak absorbance factor in each of the plurality of spectral bands is greater than or equal to 0.9.
[0009]
Lens according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the plurality of spectral bands includes a strong absorbance peak having a maximum absorbance over a predefined absorbance limit and in which the attenuation factor of each absorbance peak strong is greater than or equal to 0.8.
[0010]
10. Lens according to Claim 9, characterized in that the attenuation factor of each peak of strong absorbance is greater than or equal to 0.9.
[0011]
11. Lens for Glasses, characterized by comprising: a lens body; and an optical filter comprising a plurality of organic dyes, each of the plurality of organic dyes configured to attenuate visible light, in one or more spectral bands, each of one or more spectral bands having an absorbance peak with a width of spectral band, a maximum absorbance, a central wavelength at a midpoint of the spectral bandwidth and an integrated peak absorbance area within the spectral bandwidth, the spectral bandwidth being equal to the total width of the absorbance peak minus 80% of the maximum absorbance of the peak absorbance; wherein the plurality of organic dyes comprises an organic blue-absorbing dye that has a peak blue light absorbance with a central wavelength between 445 nm and 480 nm; wherein the attenuation factor of an absorbance peak is obtained by dividing the integrated area of the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth by the bandwidth of the absorbance peak spectrum; and where the charge of the blue absorbing organic dye is selected in such a way that the blue light absorbance peak attenuation factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, where the spectral width associated with the light absorbance peak blue is less than or equal to 60 nm.
[0012]
Lens according to one of Claims 1 to 7 or 8 to 10, characterized in that the spectrum bandwidth of the blue light absorbance peak is between 20 nm and 50 nm.
[0013]
Lens according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, 8 to 10 or 12, characterized in that the peak light blue attenuation factor is greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than 1.
[0014]
Lens according to one of Claims 1 to 7, 8 to 10 or 12 to 13, characterized in that the optical filter comprises an organic blue-absorbing dye.
[0015]
15. Lens according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, 8 to 10 or 12 to 14, characterized in that a peak absorbance factor in each of the plurality of spectral bands is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than 1.
[0016]
16. Eyeglass lens according to Claim 11, characterized in that the central wavelength of the blue light absorbance peak is between 470 nm and 480 nm.
[0017]
17. Eyeglass lens according to either of Claims 11 or 16, characterized in that the plurality of organic dyes comprises an organic dye that has a peak yellow light absorbance with a central wavelength between 560 nm and 580 nm and why a charge of the yellow-absorbing organic dye is selected in such a way that the peak light yellow attenuation factor is greater than or equal to 0.85.

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法律状态:
2019-08-20| B15I| Others concerning applications: loss of priority|Free format text: PERDA DAS PRIORIDADES US 61/324,706, US 61/425,707 E US 13/029,997, CONFORME ASDISPOSICOES PREVISTAS NA LEI 9.279 DE 14/05/1996 (LPI) ART. 167O E NO ART. 29 DA RESOLUCAOINPI-PR 77/2013, POR NAO ATENDER AO DISPOSTO NO ART. 2 DA RESOLUCAO INPI-PR 179/2017, POISNAO FOI APRESENTADA CESSAO DAS REFERIDAS PRIORIDADES, QUE POSSUEM DEPOSITANTE DIFERENTE DODEPOSITANTE DA FASE NACIONAL. |

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2019-08-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|

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2019-09-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|

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2019-09-17| B12F| Appeal: other appeals|

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2020-02-27| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|

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2020-06-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2020-09-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/04/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US32470610P| true| 2010-04-15|2010-04-15|

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US61/324,706|2010-04-15|

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US201061425707P| true| 2010-12-21|2010-12-21|

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US61/425,707|2010-12-21|

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US13/029,997|2011-02-17|

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US13/029,997|US8770749B2|2010-04-15|2011-02-17|Eyewear with chroma enhancement|

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PCT/US2011/032172|WO2011130314A1|2010-04-15|2011-04-12|Eyewear with chroma enhancement|

---